Contact Zones in Chicano Culture Essay

Meeting someone from another culture expands your knowledge of the world. As you receive new information, you are giving some of your own. The experience of two different people meeting is far less than the experience of two different cultures of people meeting. The most common outcome of these meeting is one culture dominates over the other. This domination eventually leads to hatred towards the oppressors, until the dominated are free. Over many years, the dominated population has integrated their culture with the dominant one but there is still conflict. In â€Å"Arts of a Contact Zone† Mary Louise Pratt writes about the effects of a contact zone, when two different cultures meet and interact, and why it is good. Contact zones bring people together to share ideas and cultures but it can also lead to slavery and conquest . We will focus on one effect: literate arts. Some of the literate arts are autoethnography, transculturation, bilingualism, critique, and denunciation. These literate arts are ways people use language to express a clash of two cultures. An â€Å"autoethnographic text†, a text that a writer uses to respond to the way other people sees their ethnic group, uses things familiar with a dominant race to make a point. Pratt gave us an example of â€Å"autoethnographic text† called New Chronicle and Good Government by Guaman Poma. The title New Chronicle comes from the name of the apparatus used by the Spanish to present their American Conquests to themselves. Poma uses this to create a new picture of the world by rewriting the Christian history with the Andeans at the center of the religion. The new â€Å"Christian-Inca† history resembled European manners and custom descriptions but included the meticulous details of information stored in the Inca societies. Poma used this manner to write his letter to make a parody the Europeans could understand. Gloria’s Anzaldua essays â€Å"Entering into the Serpent† and â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† are examples of an â€Å"autoethnographic text. † She uses her essays to destroy some of the stereotypes readers have before they read her essays. Some of the stereotypes of Chicano are they are hated by the US and Latinos and have a conflicted identity. The idea that Americans and Latinos hate Chicanos comes from the belief that they cannot identify with Standard English or Standard Spanish cultures. Since the Chicanos are born in the United States but are ethnically Mexican, they do not â€Å"belong† in the United States or Mexico. The hatred of Americans and Latinos caused the unknown identity of Chicanos. Transculturation occurs when two groups of people integrate different aspects of a culture with each other. An example of transculturation is Poma’s illustrations in New Chronicle and Good Government. The pictures had a European genre but they used Andean systems of spatial symbolism to express values and aspirations. In Anzaldua’s essays, we see transculturation in the religion. â€Å"My family, like most Chicanos, did not practice Roman Catholicism but a folk Catholicism with many pagan elements† (Anzaldua 73). The Roman Catholicism that was the religion of the Spaniards intermingled with Anzaldua’s â€Å"snake religion† to form the folk Catholicism version of la Virgen Guadalupe as Coatlalopeuh. Transculturation and autoethnography both manipulate language. Anzaldua wrote the essays in English and Spanish to identify herself with the Chicano and show us her experience with English speaking people. Poma’s wrote his letter in Quechua and Spanish so both cultures could understand the main points of the letter. In childhood we were told that our language is wrong. Repeated attacks at our native tongue diminish our sense of self. The attacks continue throughout our lives. Chicanas feel uncomfortable talking in Spanish to Latinas, afraid of their censure. Their language was not outlawed in their countries. But for a language to remain alive, it must be used. By the end of this century English, and not Spanish, will be the mother tongue of most Chicanos and Latinos (Anzaldua 89) The language of a culture identifies a person. If someone’s language is banned it makes the person feel unwelcome so to fit in they speak the main language but wonder what is wrong with their own language. When Chicanos speak Spanish they â€Å"spoil† the language and when they speak English they are traitors. This idea of having a wrong language causes confusion and shame, which will lead to not a Chicano identity but an American identity. By identifying with her culture, she creates a known identity for her people. Chicano Spanish is unlike English or Spanish but a combination of both, which results in bilingualism. Anzaldua’s first essay shows us what her religion meant to her, and she blames and criticizes the Catholics for taking away her sexual identity. Before the Spaniards conquest, the male dominated Azteca-Mexica culture had replaced all the female deities with male ones. This replacement split the female deities and the female self. If there were no female (spirit) deities then there was no female identity, according to Anzaldua. After the Conquest, Guadalupe became a virgin and all the other female deities (snake goddesses) were whores. The change in identity of these female deities encourages the virgin/whore dichotomy. This separation of mind and body made it hard for her to find her sexual identity. Pratt’s definition of a contact zone makes it a wonderful and horrible place to be but Anzaldua seems to disagree. Anzaldua’s experience with Catholic people seemed to be the worst thing that happened to her. These chapters from her book Borderlands/La frontera only show one type of opinion with no other positive outlooks. Her dislike of the Catholics inspires her to write these chapters to show us how her life was like and to â€Å"blame† everyone who reads her book. She was not able to have a true contact zone through her experience so she is unwilling to understand the Catholic religion. Anzaldua’s essays are another example for Pratt to use in her essay. The concept of literate arts is present throughout. The essays mainly show the bad parts of Anzaldu’s contact zones but that is the main result of contact zones with a dominant culture. Even though Anzaldua may not agree this is a contact zone. Her bias shows the readers the horrors of her cultures past to encourage a response.

Boeing E-enabled Advantages Essay

Boeing is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures and sells fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft, rockets and satellites. It also provides leasing and product support services. Boeing is among the largest global aircraft manufacturers, is the second-largest aerospace & defense contractor in the world based on 2012 revenue and is the US’ largest exporter by dollar value. Boeing stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The Boeing Company’s corporate headquarters are located in Chicago and the company is led by Chairman and CEO James McNerney. Boeing is organized into five primary divisions: Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA); Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS); Engineering, Operations & Technology; Boeing Capital; and Boeing Shared Services Group. In 2013, Boeing recorded $86.623 billion in sales, ranked 30th on the Fortune magazine â€Å"Fortune 500† list (2013), ranked 95th on the â€Å"Fortune Global 500† list (2013 ), and ranked 26th on the â€Å"World’s Most Admired Companies† list (2013). The success of this aviation company began when the founder of Boeing, William E.Boeing, bought a shipyard in Seattle on the Duwamish River, which later became his first airplane factory. Boeing, a graduate from Yale University incorporated Boeing on July 15. 1916 as ‘Pacific Aero Products Co.’ which later transformed the company into a world’s largest aircraft manufacturer throughout the aviation history. Between World War I and II, Boeing grew to be one of the largest aircraft by supplying the military with training and fighting planes, pioneering airmail planes and routes, and developing early passenger planes. During World War II, Boeing was ‘one of the country’s leading defense and space contractors’. The B-17 â€Å"Flying Fortress† and B-29 ‘Super Fortress’ bombers were an essential military force, and the B-52, and eight-engine bomber that made debut in 1952, had been used in the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf-War 1991 and in Afghanistan in 2001. Research and development that took place during the war years set the stage for the coming age of commercial jetliners, which Boeing would dominate for the remainder of the 20th century. Boeing’s Aircraft Production Boeing made its entry into commercial aviation in 1954, by introducing Boeing 707 to the world. The aircraft, four-engine jetliner based largely on ‘C-97 Stratofreighter’, a military-tanker transport which competed directly with the Douglas DC-8. While Boeing’s foray into commercial aviation was risky at first, the success of 707 eventually helped establish Boeing as a leader in commercial aviation, which until then had been dominated by DAC (Douglas Aircraft Company). The 707 was followed by the 727 in 1962 and the 737 in 1967, and in 1968, Boeing rolled out the 747-its flagship aircraft and the largest civilian aircraft the time. 757, 767 has been added to the 7-series of jetliners right after the ‘impending disaster’, when the Congress had pulled the plug on funding for development of the Apollo Project. During that time, cyclical aviation industry faced a massive downturn, and Boeing had to bear the high start-up cost. Wilson, the president of Boeing at that ‘downfall period’ was force to cut Boeing’s employees from 105,000 to just 38,000, just to maintain the company’s relevancy on financial. Throughout the 1980s, Boeing was virtually unrivalled in commercial aviation. Its 2 main competitors, McDonnell Douglas in the US and Airbus in Europe, held less than half of the market share combined ad neither had a family of airplanes that could compete with Boeing’s versatile 7-series. The second half of 1980 and the early 1990s witnessed nearly unmitigated growth for Boeing. Although the defense and space sectors struggles as the US government cut funding, the commercial aviation division prospered. Air travel had been growing steadily since 1970; ad Boeing broke its own sales record for 6 years in a row starting in 1985. In the 1980s alone, Boeing received orders for more than 3,500 jet liners, which represented half of all jetliners sold by Boeing since the first 707 order was placed in 1956, and in 1987, the 737 surpassed the 727 as the world’s best-selling jetliner. In 1989, Boeing announced plans to develop the next airplane in the 7-series, the 777, to be rel eased in 1995. By 1992, Boeing employed nearly 150,000 people and posted net earnings of 1.5 billion. It was the country’s leading exporter and was considered one of  the nation’s most admired companies. The company that started a mere hobby had become ‘the king of the jet makers.’ Problem Statement Throughout the e-Enable program, Lou Manchini, the Vice President of CAS (Commercial Aviation Service), stated that the main goal of the program was to continue running a profitable business while integrating each business unit with the strategy. This strategy was the implementation specifically for Vision 2016, on how to bear the challenges ahead and putting ideas into practice. The entire effort to implement the goals was handed to Chris Kettering, the program director of e-Enabled. ‘e-Enable’, which adverse the cost-cutting of long term financial strength of BOEING, has revealed Scott Carson’s proposal on breaking down sops of communication among different units. In order to sustain the business through cost-management, the problem of this case has been identified as how e-Enabled can aid the program for long-run sustainability. Could e-Enabled provide the advantage that airplanes used to provide? How concrete the advantages were to withstand the tight competit ion from other makers, and would BOEING’s transition into services prove to be the silver bullet – the solution to the airlines financial woes and to BOEING’s aggressive competition with Airbus? SWOT Analysis Strength Weaknesses World leading/largest aircraft company, used by many Airlines Company and military. Having full concentration especially more on R&D activities/ Wide product and service range, which consists of commercial airplanes, defence work and aerospace The practise of having a healthy financial performance, despite some losses from previous business deals. Strong product and strong technology. Issues of safety (example: 787) Problems on labour forces due to committing into large numbers of workers. Communication issue between departments in the company because of the  company size and high number of staff. In order to stay in business, the company is too dependent with contract with U.S government. Opportunities Threats Aircraft demands from other continents. The increased demand for fuel efficiency in aircraft may lead to company to invest in developing efficient aircrafts. Data availability that can be provided to airlines operators, security agencies may lead to improvisation on the products. Military expansion in new country will requires more aircraft. (Eg: U.S invasion to middle-east) The growth of freight transport market. Competition arises as reported that Airbus are in pursuit to offer services for the military and commercial aircraft sector. New entrants of competitor also exist in defence sector. Uncertain airlines industry environment. The need for lighter version of fuel-efficient planes. Case Analysis ‘e-Enabled Advantage’ strategy was first unveiled in June 2003, the Paris Air Show. Core concept of the strategy, whereby all data and information system relating to airplane maintenance, flight operations and passenger needs would be seamlessly interconnected to effectively bring the airplane into the airline’s network during flight. Through acquisitions, Boeing has increased the value of its e-Enabled campaign by holdings companies that offered different advantages to support its IT credibility of the airline system and established a consumer-friendly website to increase airline technical awareness. The participating companies are: Companies Support Type Preston Aviation Solutions A Comprehensive suite of IT Solutions to need the needs of aviation customers. Jeppesen Sanderson Inc. Provides a full range of print and electronic flight information services. Continental Data Graphic Corp Customized information and documentation to airlines including illustrating and editing materials. MyBoeingFleet.com Provides powerful and flexible tools to manage crew scheduling in both regulated and deregulated environments. SBS International Provides IT maintenance and platform stability Hughes Electronics Corp. Recognized as the world leader in, reconnaissance, surveillance, and imaging systems. After the acquisition, the company further their long-reign campaign IT based strategy with e-Enabled to reach customers on feedback of how to improve the operational quality of Boeing services by introducing ValSim in 2004 (Valuation Simulation), a program that visualized its customer’s business structure using Microsoft Visio to demonstrate how the CAS Software portfolio adds value to the operations. Efficiency is the core success for survival in any airlines industry. When we talk about operational, efficiently is the ‘heart’ that pumps the ‘life’ into the core. With e-Enabled, many within Boeing believed that it is the ‘fundamental’ to deal with the pressures of cost against revenue on demand over supply and aviation competitive market. Also by looking at its e-Enabled environment, the objective is to ensure integrated solutions to services and product will be realized from time to time. As forecasted by analysts, Boeing will have an average of 5% growth in passenger volume over next 2 decades. Summary & Recommendations Boeing’s e-Enabled Advantages has proven that’s the functionality of the strategy has strengthen up the company’s financial position as well as embedding better IT solution in aircraft industry. Boeing has proved a strategy that could sustain their organization for many long years ahead, while having a competitive advantage in the airline industry especially to compete with Europe’s Airbus. One of the most talkative subjects coherent with the powerful e-Enabled Advantage is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. It is a plane that defined the while e-Enabled Advantage campaign, which fully embedded enabled features. Since  the safety of the aircraft is being questioned from time to time, research and development if Boeing still has ample time to carry out strategic analysing on the aircraft in order to strengthen up e-Enabled advantage. e-Enabled campaign is a serious campaign, thus full support from other bodies and JVs are required for the sake of e-Enabled functionality. This is to recommend that Boeing should look for more promising companies (as a failover backup) that could support e-Enabled if the current supporting bodies fail to deliver through its standards. Other recommendation that can be described in this study case is to offer certain features or software on a free trial or discounted fee to allow airline operator to understand the advantages and scope of e-Enabled services. The awareness and widespread of understanding may need to be improved through not only websites but also other sources of medias.

Autonomy in Death Essay Example for Free

Autonomy in Death Essay Physician-assisted suicide is a controversial topic with only a few states having legalized it; however, many groups are advocating for its approval. Physician-assisted suicide has ethical limitations that only allow a doctor to prescribe, not administer, a lethal dose of medication for a patient who has been deemed terminally ill with less than six months to live by two physicians. The prescription allows the patient to choose both the timing and setting of death and the physician’s only role is provision of medication. This gifts patients with autonomy in their death and relieves the doctor of any moral burden in participation with death keeping this action an ethical practice. Oregon was the first of few states to have legalized physician-assisted suicide but I would like to argue its potential advantages to the entire United States. Ball (2010) said, â€Å"In Oregon — the one state in the U.S. where assisted suicide is legal – doctors are allowed to help only state residents who are expected to die within six months† (p.1). Giving terminally ill patients the power to choose a peaceful death demonstrates empathy toward the ill patients and their families. Terminally ill patients without this empowerment face the difficult choice of using limited resources to end their lives if not given the legal freedom to choose how and when they die. The Code of Ethics for Nurses provision 1.4 is the right to self-determination and it states that Respect for human dignity requires the recognition of specific patient rights, particularly, the right to self-determination. Self-determination, also known as autonomy, is the philosophical basis for informed consent in health care. Patients have the moral and legal right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate, complete, and understandable information in a manner that facilitates an informed judgment; to be assisted with weighing the benefits, burdens, and available options in their treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without deceit, undue influence, duress, coercion, or penalty; and to be given necessary support throughout the decision-making and treat ment process. Such support would include the opportunity to make decisions with family and significant others and the provision of advice and support from knowledgeable nurses and other health professionals. Patient should be involved in planning their own health care to the extent they are able to choose to participate (American nurses association, 2001, p.148). Giving this added right to chose physician assisted suicide allows patients the autonomy described in the Nursing Code of Ethics. The purpose of this paper is to argue that physician-assisted suicide is ethical and beneficial because it allows for patient autonomy. â€Å"I would argue that by denying terminally ill people recourse to death with dignity via physician prescribed medication, they are inflicting their own brand of coercion and abuse. The concept of a â€Å"merciful death† needs to be part of this discussion. It is a sad commentary that our society responds to our pets’ terminal suffering more humanely than to our fellow human beings’ end-of-life struggles†(â€Å"Death is best approached†, 2012, p. 1). Many feel that denying patients the right to choose is not advocating for their b est interest and is a form of abuse. We wouldn’t leave our ill family pet alive to suffer so why wouldn’t we consider letting our loved ones put themselves out of their misery in a peaceful way? The entire point is to give the public a choice. It would still be up to each individual to decide whether or not to exercise that right if their physician deemed their situation appropriate. The Code of Ethics for Nurses says that â€Å"Respect for human dignity requires the recognition of specific patient rights, particularly, the right of self-determination† (American nurses association, 2001, p.148). This statement implies that the patient should have the right to make end of life decisions on their own. When terminal patients are in pain and suffering, they may not have the strength or will to fight any longer. It is cruel to prolong a patient’s pain and suffering and deny their autonomy to make the decision of having a peaceful death. Also, it can be argued that when patients have their mind set on ending their lives, they tend to follow through on their own even if their physician cannot assist them. This may lead to a more traumatic death and a scene that can be quite traumatizing for the family member or friend who finds their loved one’s remains. The alternative is a prescribed medicine that the patient may take home, choosing the preferred place to die, to allow the patient to die peacefully without sustaining disfiguring injuries thus allowing them a more dignified burial if the family chooses to view the body one last time. However, in most of the United States, physician-assisted suicide is still illegal so very few Americans are afforded the right to choose to end their life when they are terminally ill. Because physician assisted suicide was brought to the public’s attention as an option by the unconventional tactics of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, the idea of legalizing this was tainted from the beginning, making many states hesitant to allow assisted suicide. Miller (2011) notes that â€Å"Jack Kevorkian rose to national prominence as â€Å"Dr. Death,† a physician who insisted that sometimes a doctor’s first duty to his patient was to help him die. The retired pathologist, who became an assisted suicide advocate claiming to have had a hand in 130 deaths in the 1990s, helped spark a national debate over euthanasia† (p. A5). Jack Kevorkian’s tactics were questionable because he publicized the deaths of elderly, disabled, and terminally-ill patients using inhaled carbon dioxi de or using his self-made suicide machine. Although the patients had asked for Dr. Kevorkian’s assistance to end their suffering by assisting in their suicide, he received a lot of negative attention because he publicized his assistance in this process by encouraging CBS to broadcast a video of himself injecting a cocktail of lethal drugs into a patient suffering from Lou Gehrig’s disease (Miller, 2011). After much backlash from the public over the fact that he actually injected patients with lethal drugs, he developed a suicide machine which allowed the patient to press a button that caused the machine to administer a mixture of sodium pentothal and potassium chloride which was first used on Janet Adkins, a 54 year old sufferer of Alzheimer’s disease (Miller, 2011). â€Å"The last thing Janet Adkins said was, ‘You just make my case known,'† Dr. Kevorkian told the Associated Press† (Miller, 2011, p. A5). Although his tactics were extreme and caused a lot of public controversy, his patie nts wanted to end their suffering and his actions caused others to advocate for ethical standards to be put into place for legal physician assisted suicide while at the same time completely turning others away from the concept of legalizing euthanasia. Dr. Goodwin, a general practitioner, said he began advocating for the right to help terminally ill people die after listening to his patients (Miller, 2012). â€Å"They want autonomy at this time, to be allowed to die at home with the comfort and support of their families,† Dr. Goodwin said in a 2001 interview (Miller, 2012, p. 1). Because of the extreme tactics used by Jack Kevorkian, who initiated the debate on legalizing euthanasia, many people view those who advocate for the client’s right of physician assisted suicide as cruel or lacking in empathy for patient and families. However, â€Å"Peter Goodwin, a family physician who wrote and campaigned for Oregon’s right-to-die law in the 1990s, died after taking a cocktail of lethal drugs prescribed by his doctor, as allowed under the legislation he championed. Dr. Goodwin, 83 years old, had been diagnosed with a degenerative brain disorder similar to Parkinson’s disease and had been given less than six m onths to live.†(Miller, 2012, p. 1). Dr. Goodwin believed in a patient’s autonomy in death so much that he chose to exercise his own rights in the same fashion in order to end his own suffering. In an interview with the Oregonian, the local newspaper in Oregon, Dr. Goodwin said that his health was deteriorating and he would soon end his life. â€Å"His family gathered to bid him farewell. ‘The situation needs thought, it doesn’t need hope,’ he said. ‘Hope is too ephemeral at that time’†(Miller, 2012, p. 1). This clearly articulates the feelings of a terminally ill man towards the importance of autonomy in concern of his own death. â€Å"End-of-life decisions are not arbitrary or impulsive. Why shouldn’t a person choose to end his or her life with dignity if it is obvious that all options for leading any kind of meaningful life are non-existent? I would think any modicum of compassion would respect such a momentous, personal decision. Suffering, physical and mental, and the anguish it causes should produce empathy for the patient’s wishes and desires, even if they run counter to our own sense of rectitude. It is not about us. It’s about the patient’s right of autonomy. We need to understand that it is ultimately his or her decision to make, not ours†(Death is best approached, 2012, p. 1). In this statement, an unknown author expressed the utmost sympathy for those suffering from terminal illness. Physician assisted suicide is ethical as it demonstrates compassion and empathy towards someone else’s pain, suffering, and rights. There is nothing cruel about autonomy over the decision to die. These kinds of laws need to be considered using a deep emotional understanding of the terminally ill’s feelings and problems. Other countries have legalized euthanasia and have less restrictive laws which allow them to provide services for foreigners. Because of this, if all United States citizens aren’t granted the autonomy they desire in their own country they will still be able to get the results they so desperately want but the outcome may be more painful to family members whose loved ones would end up dying in other countries and in less desirable conditions. Mr. Minelli, who is head of Dignitas, a Swiss company that provides euthanasia services only to foreigners, said that â€Å"a memory of his seriously ill grandmother’s pleading in vain with her doctor to help her die left him with a particular interest in Switzerland’s growing right-to-die movement, and he joined one of the main groups. In 1998, he quit to found Dignitas†(Ball, 2010, p. 2). In 2008, his neighbors’ complaints forced Dignitas out of his rented apartment that he had been using to conduct the assisted suicides and Zurich city officials refused permission for a new venue. In response to this Mr. Minelli organized suicides in cars, a hotel room, industrial sites, and his own home which drew the attention of local officials. â€Å"Someone who is used to a five-star hotel can’t come to Dignitas and expect the same,† says Mr. Minelli†(Ball, 2010, p. 2). Is it really beneficial to force terminally ill patients into a foreign country to a harsh environment to grant them the freedom to end their own lives? If terminally ill patients really want a physician assisted suicide, they will find another setting in which they can achieve one but allowing patients to have one in their own country optimizes the setting and allows for more family support near the time of death. It also saves the family the trouble of getting the body of a loved one from a foreign country after the time of death and allows the family to begin funeral arrangements sooner so that they can go through the stages of grieving that they need to in order to move forward with their own lives. This act of ending the life sooner also spares the family the pain of watching their loved one suffer longer than they want to. Another benefit to approving physician assisted suicide is that just know that the option is available can be therapeutic for terminal patients. â€Å"Mr. Minelli argues that making assisted suicide available removes a taboo around suicide, helping people who want to kill themselves open a dialogue and seek help. About 70% of people who get the green light from Dignitas for an assisted suicide never contact the group again, proving the palliative effect of knowing help is available, he says†(Ball, 2010, p. 2). This clearly proves that just knowing that euthanasia is an option is enough to help patients carry on with terminal illness. Even if a patient chooses never to exercise the right to a physician assisted suicide, the knowledge that they have an option for a way out of their suffering is comforting in itself. Craig Ewert was a retired university professor who suffered from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig’s disease. He decided to end his life because he wanted to make this decision before he lost the ability to decide his own fate, overcoming the resistance of his doctors (Ball, 2010). â€Å"When you’re completely paralyzed and can’t talk, how do you let someone know you are suffering?† he told a television interviewer before his death in September 2006. â€Å"This could be a complete and utter hell† (Ball, 2010, p. 3). Mr and Mrs. Ewerts were from the U.K. but they traveled to Switzerland and chose Mr. Minelli’s group, Dignitas, because it accepts foreigners. Mrs. Ewert said that had she not been able to travel to get her husband the assisted suicide services that he desired she may have been forced to help her husband die and she worried that she wouldn’t have known exactly what to do (Ball, 2010). She defended Mr. Minelli saying â€Å"Sure, there have to be some protections for people, but I think we’re going way beyond what there needs to be, I admire Minelli for being willing to take the heat† (Ball, 2010, p. 3). Because Craig Ewert was allowed to make his own decision to die, his wife was spared the pressure that he may have put on her to help him end his life. Furthermore, had he been denied the right to make his own decision and his wife Mary had been coerced to help him commit suicide, there would have been extreme emotional and possibly even legal consequences to her action despite the fact that it was her husband’s wish. This is a situation that may Americans are also threatened with because physician assisted suicide is illegal in most of the country. All United States citizens should be afforded the right to choose a physician assisted suicide if they have been deemed terminally ill because this freedom shows compassion and empathy towards the patient’s suffering. If patients aren’t allowed to legally choose death here, they may travel to another country to receive services or chose to carry out suicide on their own. If patients chose to take matters into their own hands this would be harder on the patient as the death would probably not be as peaceful as the lethal injection that the physician would prescribe and if would also be harder on the patient’s loved ones. If patients decide to go to another country to achieve the death they desire they would lose the privilege of dying in their own comfort zone and the distance would make the death harder on the family to make funeral arrangements and move on with their own lives. The Code of Ethics for Nurses stated that â€Å"Respect not just for the specific decision but also for the patient’s method of decision-making is consistent with the principle of autonomy† (American nurses association, 2001, p.149). Regardless of whether or not we understand an individuals motivation for seeking a physician assisted suicide, nurses should support the autonomy that patients needs to make this choice on their own. Giving terminally ill patients autonomy in their death, by making physician assisted legal for every United States citizen, is only giving patients additional rights that they may or may not chose to exercise and is the most compassionate way to show empathy for those who are dying. Autonomy in Death. (2017, Feb 13).

Global Challenges for Business, Management & Leadership Essay

Global Challenges for Business, Management & Leadership - Essay Example ................................................................ 7 2.3 Kraft Foods - Porter’s Five Forces ........................................................... 8 2.4 PESTEL Analyses .................................................................................... 9 2.5 Global Management Strategy .................................................................. 10 3.0 The Challenge - CSR ..................................................................................... 10 3.1 Impact of this Challenge on Kraft Foods ............................................... 11 4.0 Recommendation ........................................................................................... 11 5.0 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 11 Works Cited ........................................................................................................ 12 1.0 Introduction Within a realistic context, it is no t easy to define the term management. In the academic circles there exist as many definitions of management as there are the books on the subject. It goes without saying that there are many genuine reasons behind this dilemma. The first and foremost, management pertains to a very vast and expansive subject. It is indeed very extensive. It is, therefore, not possible to outline all the essential features of management in a single formula. Besides, management is a subject that has primarily to do with human beings, which in a behavioural context tend to be highly unpredictable. Moreover, management is a discipline that is still in the nascent stages of its development and, hence, the concepts associated with it are continuously changing. Yet, there is no denying the fact that the most of the definitions of management tend to emphasise one common idea that the discipline of management is concerned with the accomplishment of objectives through the efforts of people performing certain fu nctions. The primary function of the managers is to create conditions and environment that enable the organizations to survive, thrive and grow. In that context it will be really interesting to attempt a viable definition of management by taking into consideration varied theories of management. Boddy defines management as â€Å"Management is the activity of getting things done with the aid of people and other resources† (Boddy 695). The one attribute of management that pops up from Boddy’s definition of management is that management seeks to achieve certain goals. These goals may be economic or non-economic. For instance in a business organization the primary goal is to produce and distribute goods with the aim and objective of earning profits. On the contrary, in a service organization like hospitals, educational institutions, etc, the goal might be to extend customer service. Another salient feature of management embodied in Boddy’s definition is that manageme nt also happens to be a social process because it deals with people. To make the best use of human efforts, managers are required to give way to close cooperation and coordination amongst the employees in an organization. Managers are required to look after the interests of employees, shareholders, investors and the community at large. Also management happens to be a group activity. Management is concerned with getting things done through people. People join in groups in order to achieve results collectively. Management helps people in realising individual as

Choosing Wrong-The Twilight Saga-Eclipse Movie Review

Choosing Wrong-The Twilight Saga-Eclipse - Movie Review Example This paper helps to provide an analysis of the mise-en-scene that takes place in a scene titled ‘Choosing Wrong’ from the movie Eclipse: The Twilight Saga, and discusses the various aspects of these spatial and temporal elements used within the scene. The production designer for the scene ‘Choosing Wrong’ was Paul D. Austerberry and art direction was carried out by Jeremy Stanbridge. The two directors have had a great amount of contribution in the overall process of design as they helped in designing the backdrop and sets used by the two characters present in the scene. The chosen scene consists of a conversation between Rosalie and Bella about whether or not Bella is making the right decision in choosing to become a vampire because of her irrevocable love towards Edward Cullen. Rosalie points out blatantly by saying that she envies the fact that Bella is a human being and ahs the choice to turn down the offer of becoming a vampire eventually due to the pain and trauma that the process and after effects of the same cause. (IMDB) A great amount of emotion can be seen as portrayed through this scene which last for about 40 seconds. Within the given time frame, anyone watching will be able to discern the kind of characters the two women have. Their personalities have been shown wonderfully within the given scope of time with the help of the elements in the scene around them. The setting in the scene is of one small area of the house of the Cullens; the balcony outside the kitchen. This helps to provide a certain amount of warmth to the scene and also gives a homely aspect. The fact that the conversation is taking place in such a setting helps the audience to understand the intensity of the conversation between the two women in the movie; one can easily comprehend that this conversation contains importance and is talked out in a civil manner. Not much of the kitchen or the balcony area is shown but it helps to tell a great deal about the c haracters and their outlook towards each other and assures the audience of a solution or thought process emerging out of the conversation between Bella and Rosalie. This setting thus helps to influence the overall mood of the film by providing the film with the set design of a house thus meaning that the characters have a place to carry out personal discussions in and talk things out with each other. This puts the audience’s mood in a very subtle and mellowed manner. Very mild lighting has been used within this scene. It is soft and warm and shows an evening scenario in the balcony outside the kitchen where the two women are talking to each other. This has been used to depict the kind of warmth that they might be able to share with each other if they are able to set their differences aside and reconcile with each other. The reason that night time has been chosen is to place emphasis on Rosalie as she is a vampire, and to put Bella in a sort of muddle that she would find herse lf in within the darkness of the night. However, the scene is lighted in the balcony outside the kitchen depicting no signs of danger and the fact that she is safe from any kind of harm. The lighting helps to evoke a mood of frustration that is caused by the dilemma that Bella has been put into and the indifference that she is forced to being subject to by Rosalie.

Leadership in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership in Business - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the high competition in the business world nowadays needs competitive business leaders who will manage to organize their business organizations to achieve their goals. Business leaders need several characteristics in order to achieve their goals. Risk taking is doing something hoping for any outcome, be it good or bad. Any competitive business leader must be ready to take risks. Starting a business involves depositing money or capital where you are not certain whether you will get profit or not. It involves one asking themselves many questions like, â€Å"should I start a business, or should I not?†, â€Å"Should I employ new workers or not?† and many others. Those people who take risks in business will emerge successful, given the high competition in the business world. A business leader who fears to take risks cannot succeed in business because they will fear to get to losses. A good example of an ent repreneur is Amazon’s CEO, Jeff Bezos. Amazon is an organization that deals with the internet business. The CEO says it is good to take risks to manage a business, but it is also good to reduce the risks as the business grows. He says he had to think whether to build Amazon or continue with his previous job on Wall Street. He risked leaving his job to start Amazon, but he succeeded in his online business. Therefore taking risks is always important for success in a business. Another successful business leader, Sir Richard Branson, CEO of Virgin Group (A group of companies in the United States), says, â€Å"Great success does not come without taking risks†. The most important thing is taking the right risks.

Books about the Phonograph Role in the World Essay

Books about the Phonograph Role in the World - Essay Example This essay presents the list of books regarding the role of the phonograph in the world such as "A Spiral Way: How the Phonograph Changed Ethnography" by Erika Brady, "Edison, the Man Who Made the Future" by Ronald Clark and "The Fantastic Phonograph" by Theresa Collins. The book, A Spiral Way: How the Phonograph Changed Ethnography is an informative book on the topic of the phonograph and gives detailed historical data on the development of phonograph as an ethnographic tool. The source explores the allocation of phonograph as a cultural product that has evolved over time. The book, Edison, the Man Who Made the Future, is advantageous for the students and people who want to gain awareness about Edison as a person who struggled towards making a product that is productive for the future generations. The book not only gives a description about phonograph but Edison and his struggle also. The chapter, â€Å"The Fantastic Phonograph† in the book, â€Å"Thomas Edison and Modern America: A Brief History with Documents† is really beneficial for the topic of my research. This source contains information and reviews given by academic and informative resources of the time when phonograph was invented. The uses of the phonograph along with various purposes of the machine are given in the resource. Allen Koenigsberg’s book contains descriptive information with proper historical accounts of the phonograph’s evolution from 1877 to 1912 and gives an explanation of Edison’s struggle in making phonograph.

Hospitality Operations PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality Operations - PowerPoint Presentation Example Ingredients’ standardization had three main merits – ensuring minimization of food leftovers among the customers, limited likelihood for customers view of the restaurant as having poor value for money, and maximized profiteering. The three dishes provided a wide range of supplementary choices. For instance, one could serve fried-rice with beef, chicken or vegetables. This provided the customers with a range of options to choose from, giving provision for the vegetarians. The stir-fried noodles served with vegetables had the greatest percentage of profit margin. For a single customers dish, its ingredients were the cheapest to acquire. The dishes had a set of healthy primary ingredients, rich in vitamins and high in nutritional value. For instance, use of garlic and ginger across the ingredients add a delicious taste and nutritional value to dishes. Different blends of milk shakes added flavor to the menu. Besides the flavored tastes, the addition supplemented the dishes with beauty to the menu set-up and perfect blends with the dishes. Moreover, provision for a wide range of drinks also augured well with the menu set up. The customers could opt to pick a drink of their desire from the options. Fried rice is a fast food made by boiling rice then frying on a frying pan together with such ingredients and additives as eggs, jasmine oil, carrots, ginger, garlic, fish sauce and spring onion. Stir-fried noodles are fast foods made by marinating chicken and beef separately before cooking together with vegetable. Mushroom, leeks, carrots, sunflower oil, vinegar and green peppers are the main ingredients. Thai green curry has chicken as the main component of the dish and is cooked specially with such ingredients as fish sauce, green beans, ginger, green pepper, coconut oil and Thai green curry paste. The balance scorecard had five areas: event, objectives, measures, targets and the initiative. The event included specific areas of focus before and during the

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Essay

Compare and contrast between a resturant in the US and a resturant in Kuwait - Essay Example That was the direct origin of the restaurant which is a French present participle of the word ‘’restorer’’. Therefore, ‘’restaurant’’ meant, a place where people went to restore their energy and vigor and feel refueled with food. Therefore, the first restaurant which has the same concept of the modern restaurant where people sit side to side of a table and order for food from a menu and wait to be served, was started in Paris in 1782 by one Antoine Beeauvilliers who was an entrepreneur and a chef and one time cookbook writer. It is a fact without any doubt that restaurants are big business in the United States. Looking at the information from the National Restaurant Association in their Restaurant Industry Pocket Factbook of 2010, US had a total of 945,000 eating establishments which employed a total of 12.7 million workers. This accounted for a total of 9 per cent of work force in the US and was expected to produce up to $580 billion in sales in 2011 (Fredric 2010). Currently, research shows it that Americans are dining away from home than it has ever happened where they take a total 4.8 of their total meals per week away from home. Most of the American restaurants create conditions that would encourage eating food rich in a lot of calories, salt, sugar and fat than the recommended amount in a single meal. You find that the normally regarded as good stuff such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are often not found on the American menu. The content of food at restaurants is one big problem. Though an analysis of 30, 923 menu items, taken from 245 restaurants chains, 96% of the meals served here do not meet the standards of the USDA nutritional guidelines. Far from serving extra-large potions and failing to offer vegetables, fruits and grains except for potatoes and most meals, most of the US restaurants cover the threat by adding limitless quantities of bread or chips as well as providing free refills of sodas (Deborah 2014). In

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lab report - Essay Example The observation of the embryo showed significant deformation and mortality percentage in the total population. Mortality percentage was 75% (9 out of 12 are dead) among the examined embryos. The percentage of deform was 100% (12 out of 12 are deform embryos). The deformation endpoint that had been observed included stunted, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and axis problem. For chloroceboria aregonacen strand (CA7615), strong evidence that the green pigment extract was different than controls in terms of its toxicity after a time frame of 5 days was recorded. The observation of the embryo showed significant deformation in the subject population with an increase in the population mortality as well. Both the mortality and deformation of the subjects was found to be 100 % (12 out of 12 are dead). For scytaliduim cuboduim strand (SC11517), there was strong evidence that the toxicity of the red pigment extract was different from the toxicity recoded in the controls, after a period of 5 days. 25% of the embryo were observed to be dead (6 out 24), and 46 % (11 out of 24) were deformed (the deformation endpoint recorded, included pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and axis problems). For scytalidum Ganodermopthorum strand (SG10320), there was no evidence that the toxicity of the extracted yellow dye was different from the toxicity of the control, after a 5 day period. 100% of the embryo were observed to be normal with zero mortality (24 out of 24 embryos were normal). For chloroceboria aregonosa strand (CA11657), strong evidence that the toxicity of the green pigment extract differed from the recorded toxicity of the controls after being treated for 24 hours, was found. 49% of the embryos were observed to be dead after the 24 hpf (35 out of 72 embryos). 36% of the embryos showed delay in progression (26 out of 72 embryos). For chloroceboria aregonacen strand (CA7615), there existed strong

Share a presentation on a CD Essay Example for Free

Share a presentation on a CD Essay Introduction: For this unit I have been asked to produce a specification for an ICT system that will meet the needs of the company. The company that I will be providing the ICT system is called Mags Estate Agents, the main goal for the company is to sell and rent homes for their clients and arrange mortgages for buyers and provide other services. The company is new and they are thing of opening an office in a town or a village and they need a computer system that will be used by the staff. The company needs a system that will do many tasks and the company is hoping to find a system that will do: Â  Show multimedia presentations of the houses available to prospective buyers. Keep records of properties for sale that can be searched based on buyer requirements. Keep records of clients and buyers, including their requirements. Produce large numbers of high quality letters, property information sheets and other documents in color. Â  Send personalized letters to all buyers looking for a particular type of property. Access competitors websites to check what properties they are offering. Send and receive emails. Â  Keep a diary for all staff of appointments with clients and buyers to view properties. I will also been ask to include a system that will allow the computers to connect to the LAN. Inputs: This is what the company is expected to input in their computer system: The clients name, address, telephone and other details and also the company Company requirements the size of the family, age of the family members and if any of the family members need special needs. The company will also need to input the details of property, the size of the house the clients looking for, what area they are looking for, how many bedrooms they are looking for and if they want a garden or a garage or a front lone. The company will also need store the information about the house prices and if the property is available or not and also need to store details about the clients. The company will also need to find a way of keeping the entire client appoints time and place to meet the staff; they will have to find a way to prioritise their prospective buyers and their needs. Outputs: This is what the company is expected to output out of their computer system: They company will need to produce newsletters for their staff, and also produce business cards for their customers and clients. They also need print out a list of what houses are available to be sold and rented and which are not. They also need print out statistics and their database. The company will also need print out their multimedia presentations to give it there staff in the meetings. They will also need to print out records of staff and clients. They will also need to print out property information sheet so that they can advertise their property. They will also have to print out there e-mail they receive form clients and form other branches. They may also need to print out there toolbars that they made out of the information they collected form the client. Required software: Mags Estate Agents needs software to carry out their tasks, they will need softwares that could allows them to create newsletters, presentation, letters, questionnaire sheets, web browser, create information database and also need a operating system. These are the softwares that I will be recommending to Mags Estate Agents to use: Operating system: An operating system is what allows the computer perform the tasks the user is doing and the newer the operating system the better it gets, and a operating system is a special computer program that manages the relationship between application software, I will be recommending Microsoft Windows XP professional because it is the newest and XP professional is more stable then the other system and it will handle most of what Mags Estate Agents will need to do with out crashing and Defend the PC Against Viruses, Worms and Hackers with Advanced Security installed freely. Multimedia software: Mags Estate Agents will need multimedia software that allows them to create presentations for clients and their staff and also to make posters to advertise their company. For this task I will be recommending Microsoft PowerPoint because Microsoft PowerPoint has Help Control Presentation Distribution, Share a Presentation on a CD, Broaden Your Reach, Mark up Slides, Bring Presentations to Life with Custom Animations, Add Impact with Graphics and Tap the Power of Smart Tags, and all these features make Microsoft PowerPoint the perfect choice and it also cheep the other competitors. Database Software: Megs Estate Agents will need database software because they will need to keep clients details, meeting times and place and also keep of tracks of statistics. I will be recommending Microsoft Access because this software can do may tasks: Incorporate a Wide Range of Data Sources, Get the Most from Your Enterprise Data, Link Business Systems, Take Advantage of Flexible XML Import and Export, Share Information More Efficiently, Publish Forms and Reports on the Web, Deploy Access 2003 Without Missing a Beat, Run Macros with More Confidence, Help Block Potentially Unsafe Functions, Back Up Your Information in a Snap. View Dependency Information, Let Access 2003 Check for Errors, Choose AutoCorrect Options, Find the Help You Need Get Context-Based Help in SQL View, Update Properties Automatically, Dress Up Your Database and Polish Your Forms, Save Time with Smart Tags, Analyze Information in Powerful Ways and Format Fonts in SQL Views, these are the features that makes Microsoft Assess and leading database software and this is why I recommended Microsoft Assess Word processing software: Megs Estate Agents will need Word processing software because they will have to produce letters newsletters.

Motivation Essay Example for Free

Motivation Essay 1. Define and discuss motivation. Which theory of motivation offers the best chance, if handled properly, of increasing productivity in your workplace? Motivation can be described as a process that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction and persisitence of efforts towards attaining a goal (Robbins, 2004). While general motivation is concerned with motivation towards the achievement of any goal, this paper will be discussing motivation in relation to organizational goals, as the focus is on work related behavior (Robbins, 2004). With regards to the definition, there are 3 key elements related to motivation. Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries to achieve a goal. But in order for intensity to trnaslate into better performance it has to be channeled in the right direction. So, the quality of the intensity is very essential. Persistence is another dimension to motivation. It is a measure of how long a person can maintain his or her efforts. There have been numerous theories on motivation, devised and tested multiple times. But the theory I find most relevant and important to a workplace, the work be of any nature, is the expectacy theory, put forward by Victor Vroom (Robbins, 2004). Expectancy theory focuses on three main relationships. The effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship and the reward-personal goal relationship. In more practical terms, expectancy theory says that when an employee puts in effort o his job it is partly because he believes his effort will translate into better performance, but this performance alone would be useless to him, until and unless there are obvious benefits attached to better performance, i.e. rewards. These rewrds may be monetary or non-monetary and may vary from a promotion or pay increment to a pat on the back from the boss and a word or two of appreciation from the supervisor. This would motivate the workforce, as every individual will perceive that with this job he would be able accomplish his personal goals. 2. Define and discuss leadership. Which style is presently used in your own workplace? Which style is needed, or which style do you believe should be used to increase productivity? Leadership theories have great applications in business settings. For example, some organizations look for leadership traits when choosing a candidate for a leadership position.   Most organizations that we normally encounter look for specific personality traits of individuals such as their openness to experience, social behavior, extraversion etc. These are the traits that are associated with good leaders. Extraversion is a trait that is mostly associated with leadership emergence because extraverted people are quick to establish contacts, have usually good communication skills and are emotionally aware of others. Similarly, openness to experience is a good indicator of a leader’s ability to encounter and deal with new situations. Contemporary theories of leadership such as Charismatic leadership and Transformational leadership fit very well in the dynamic situation of the contemporary world. Contemporary leadership theories view leaders as individuals who inspire their followers through their words, ideas and behaviors. And this is so true of today’s successful leaders (Kotter, 1995).   Charismatic leadership theory can be applied to leaders such as New York mayor Rudy Guiliani, African President Nelson Mandela, and African-American leader Martin Luther King. Through his rhetoric, Martin Luther king was able to consolidate the civil rights movement and became one of the most inspiring leaders (Kotter, 1995). Contemporary leadership theories are forward looking as they emphasize on leader’s vision. A clear vision is described as one of the qualities of charismatic leaders because it is their vision that binds their followers and becomes the impetus for change. Moreover, contemporary leadership theories put emphasis on leader-follower relationship as in Leader Exchange Theory (Robbins, 2004). As employees become more empowered, leader-follower relationship becomes even more important and contemporary leadership theories provide valuable information in this regard. So, in essence, leadership has a huge role to play when it comes to the employees’ attitude towards work. Because, if a leader can inspire and motivate his or her followers, it may help bring out a more positive attitude from them, and ultimately this would have a positive impact on the productivity of the company.

Planning For Change In An Organization

Planning For Change In An Organization The purpose of this essay is to understand the background and the issues related to organizational strategic change. Be able to lead the stakeholders in the development of a strategy for change and to be able to plan to implement models for ensuring ongoing change. According to Rajagopalan Spreitzer 1997, strategic change is a difference in the form, quality, or state over time in organizations alignment with its external environment. Managing change is all about creating changes in a planned and orderly movement and it is considered to be a crucial role in the organization. Background of the Organizations Strategic Change Travelodge Hotel According to Travelodge 2011, they are considered to be the first budget hotel brand to be introduced in the Uk in 1985 and now managed to operate 380 hotels (over 26,000 rooms) throughout Ireland, Spain and the UK. The chain is under the operation of Dubai International Capital, who purchased the organization from Permira in 2006 as stated in Travelodge site, 2011. January 2009 is the date when Travelodge UK has been launched. They have undergone the first retail-style price checking programme. Through this, they were able to measure up the prices of all the giant UK hotel chains to make sure that they remain being the leader on price. Due to its rapid growth, they are continuously working on their plan of operating 70,000 rooms which is approximately 1000 hotels by the year 2020. Aside from that, they are aiming to be the biggest hotel operator when the Olympics come on 2012. Based on last years data, six and a half million people dwelt in Travelodge. Due to its promotion in the internet of  £19 per night, 87% of those guests booked from online according to the data gathered. This promotion is applied throughout UK. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1.1 KURT LEWIN ( Unfreeze, Change, Freeze ) Unfreezing This stage involves preparing oneself for a change and preferably making a situation in which change is needed. The more urgent the change should be made, the motivation to make the change is high. Change Time is needed and must be given to people as this is not an easy time because people are learning about the changes and they need to understand the process, In this case, support from the management is essential such as coaching, training and expecting mistakes being a piece of the course. Freezing This is the final stage of the process and it is very relevant as the desired change must be accepted and sustained. Without the freezing stage, there is always a tendency of the people to return back to the things that they are used to do. It is necessary to ensure that desired change is continually being performed and not forgotten. Bullock and Batten, planned change This model involves four stages: exploration, planning, action and integration. The occurrence of the exploration is when the management confirms that there is a need for change and secure resources needed for it (enotes,2011). Resources may be classified into physical or mental such as the expertise of the manager. Subsequently, planning takes place when the people in charge in decision making create a desired plan followed by review and approval. When the implementation of the plan takes place, that is when the action stage occurs. Lastly, integration starts by the time the action in the desired change plan is in motion and when the changes have been associated with the organization with a certain degree of validation by means of policies and organizational procedures. McKINSEYS 7S Strategy to have a competitive advantage in the competition, strategies are needed. Structure organizational structure and the line of management Systems employees daily activities Shared Values organizational values being implemented to employees Style the way leaders and managers behave towards the realization of its objectives. Staff employees and their whole capabilities Skills the expertise and capabilities of the people in the company 1.2 RELEVANCE OF CHANGE MODEL Travelodge Hotel is best analysed using the McKinseys 7 S. In this case, due to the constant existence of the hostels, which obviously offer low prices, Travelodges objective of expansion every year has been affected. In this matter, they need minimize their cost and expenses for them to sustain in the competition regarding price. The company needs to have a good strategy to maintain their growth and to have an advantage in the hotel industry, like providing extra discounts to students and tourist. Talking about the structure, being a hierarchical management as all orders are mandated by the head office, they need to see to it that proper communication must be observed from the top to the bottom. In this way, a change of structure is needed. Likewise, for the change to be effective, systems of the organization must be taken into consideration without neglecting the core values of the hotel which is to provide affordable accommodation to everybody. In my point of view, objectives of the company relating to expansion and change will be best fulfilled if management is supportive enough to motivate people to perform. In implementing changes, employees and their skills are relevant because without them planned changes in Travelodge Hotel will just be wasted. The models and techniques are important for the organization because it serves as the guidelines to achieve the plan. 1.3 VALUE OF STRATEGIC INTERVENTION In every planned action that needs to be materialized, strategic intervention is needed because it gives and reminds individuals a certain motivation and direction in between the process. Making us understand on the things that we do, why we do it and how, is the main function of intervention. Its value cannot be underestimated as they are the tools in the process of achieving organizations objective. Travelodge process of change within the organization and among individuals, requires human process intervention, team building consensus and conflict, as well as human resource management as they are a huge organization. Considering the external, organizational and government intervention is also necessary because the target of expansion requires all those things to operate. ISSUES RELATING TO THE ORGANIZATIONS STRATEGIC CHANGE Various issues are to be considered pertaining to the strategic change in an organization. It does not matter how we define this change because of the mere fact that challenge to the company is inevitable: balancing the demands and hopes among the stakeholders including customer, employees, management and shareholders. Without balance, an organization risks an anxious work force that may yield declining output. Needs for Change Travelodge is experiencing a decline of sales nowadays due to the emergence of new hotels and hostels in the City Of London. Further promotions and offerings about their products and services must be considered. One of the reasons why people tend to stay in other hotel is because of their services and prices. Another thing to be considered by the organization is the culture of their staff. The company is experiencing a high people turnover for years already. Since people are having various options to choose from in the market regarding accommodations, plus the crisis in the economy, Travelodge must be able to have an edge in the market. This thing must be given focus by the organization to maintain the market share. Factors that are driving the need for strategic change in Travelodge The present economy and the massive competition in the hotel industry are one of the factors why there is a need for a change. Travelodge being a low cost accommodation, still needs to find ways on how to increase market share and be profitable. The upcoming Olympic games on 2012 is a good opportunity for them to increase profit. Hence, further development of their promotions and offers must be studied and done. Customer satisfaction is one of their problems nowadays because of low performance of the team which leads the company to adapt change in the system of delivering exceptional experience and services to the guests. Considering the external factors, competitors edge in prices and services are one of the factors that affect the operation of Travelodge Hotel because it decreases the guest turnover and therefore affects their financial status necessary to run the business. Resource Implications of the Organization Not Responding to Change Human Resources which pertain to employees are expected to resist in the process of change because they may feel uncomfortable in doing new things related to what they are used to. Skills Development is necessary for each and every employees working in the hotel industry especially in the aspect of customer service. Strict compliance of the standard operating procedure is required for guests satisfaction. Likewise, physical resources like refurbishments of the building may be hard to do because it entails a lot of time and money to finance the said project. Though it is necessary for Travelodge to keep their rooms and the entire hotel presentable to gain more positive reviews from guest, there are still lots of things to be prioritized and considered especially in the matter of finance. Financial resources is always an issue in implementing any projects because of the fact that there is a decline in the income of Travelodge Hotel. In connection with this, a difficulty in implementing the change is visible. BE ABLE TO LEAD STAKEHOLDERS IN DEVELOPING A STRATEGY FOR CHANGE MULTIPLE CAUSE DIAGRAM According to Hopkins 2005, it is a technique that you can use on your own or with groups of people and also known as the fish bone method. To start with a definition of the performance problem is the essential idea followed by a question of why it is happening until building up a picture of various factors affecting the performance. Travelodge Hotel is undergoing a decrease in performance of their sales and income because of the massive competition in the market. Their regular patrons are finding better options regarding to prices and services. Recent reviews show a lot guest complaints and guest being dissatisfied. This is because staffs are not delivering exceptional service to the guest as well as the appearance of the room itself. Due to crisis financially, further trainings to individuals and building improvements have been left out for a while which results to low performance. Change Management Strategy with Stakeholders 3.2.1 Employees Development Employees must undergo training programs to enhance their skills in customer service. This refers to staff from Front Office Department and Food and Beverage Department because they are the one who are directly in contact with the guest. Further trainings and performance appraisal of the employees must be given focus by the management because in this way employees will tend to do their best in imparting good customer service to the guest. Next step is to create a system which motivates the employees to perform well such as providing extra gratuities at the end of the month. Normally, in the hotel industry, guests are generous enough to leave some tips for the staff, in connection with this, Travelodge must have a system for the gratuities to be divided equally amongst the employees from all departments. 3.2.2 Promotions As Travelodge Hotel is accepting bookings online like all other hotels, promotions and offers must be presented as well in their site to create peoples awareness of what is being offered during the season. 3.2.3 Customers Feedback External stakeholders are relevant in developing a change. By asking feedback from them regarding the services during their stay will help the hotel to develop the areas which they are low in performance. Reviews regarding the hotel provide a lead for the potential guest to make a choice. Nonetheless, Travelodge must see to it that guest are satisfied in order for them to leave an excellent rate and review. Evaluation of the System Used Using the Multiple Cause Diagram is advantageous because in this way, the management can pinpoint the exact cause of the problem that needs to be change. It is an easy to use tool for Travelodge Hotel to be performed because answering to the why question is all it needs. For instance, the cause of a decline in profit is the massive competition in the market, hence, followed by moving their regular guest to other hotels because of poor services. In this way, the management of Travelodge will be able to identify the factors which cause the main problem. And through this, they can easily formulate a strategy which will help them overcome the present status in their business. Management of Resistance Strategies 3.4.1 Open Communication This must be done all throughout the process for the people to fully understand the purpose of the planned change, and the opportunities that lies ahead if change will be implemented. In the process of change exchange of ideas is necessary for the people to feel that their participation is important which somehow results to motivation in responding positively to change. Authority Process This is necessary in order to control peoples behaviour for the benefit of the implemented change. Management must direct people that certain change must be adapted and they need to participate on it. Evaluation In the implemented change, an evaluation is necessary for the management to know whether people are responding positively and whether the goals are halfway to achieve. Knowing the cause of resistance must also be taken into consideration so that proper ways to handle the situation will be exercised. BE ABLE TO IMPLEMENT MODELS FOR ENSURING ONGOING CHANGE 4.1 ADKAR Model In my own understanding, ADKAR model is appropriate to use for Travelodge Hotel as it delivers awareness for the necessary changes, desire to participate and support the change, knowledge on how to change, ability to implement the planned change and reinforcement to sustain the change in an organization. Implementation of the Model for Change 4.2.1 Awareness Travelodge Hotel management must see to it that people concerned are aware of the planned change before implementing it so as to avoid resistance and more chaos in the organization. Because strict compliance of standard operation procedures are needed to be implemented which have been neglected by most of the people, management has to announce accordingly its pros and cons. Desire To instil this to the employees, they need to be aware first of the necessity why change must have to happen. So therefore, in informing people that policies and procedures must be changed pertaining to customer service efficiency, convincing them to believe that the hotel is not performing well in terms of income which somehow affects their benefits can create a desire for them to participate in the process. 4.2.3 Knowledge This comes after having the desire of participating in the process. The management is therefore required to elaborate the things that need to be done in the implementation of the planned change. For instance, in order to have a high rate performance in the reviews, receptionist must perform well in dealing with the customers complaint and in achieving that, further trainings are needed. Ability In this area, the Managers of Travelodge Hotel must provide coaching and mentoring to people. In the case of Food and Beverage division, Food and Beverage Managers must provide hands-on training to the staff because this is where he knows whether staffs are performing according to the standard of the hotel. Reinforcement This is where the management needs to have focus for the change to stay in place. This can be done by undergoing evaluations and proper monitoring of the employees performance through feedback from Travelodge guests or on the job observation. Measures to Monitor Progress Progress of the change can be monitored through progressive reviews during meetings and consultation. Wherein each individual will have a chance to speak out their ideas and observation. Likewise, goal- based evaluation is also helpful because this is where the management can assess if the goal is being reached already or still needs more hard work for it to be realized. Similarly, regular reports regarding customers feedbacks and employees performance must also be considered for the management to take necessary measures if something out of the context is happening. CONCLUSION In my own understanding, ADKAR model is suitable to use in implementing the change for Travelodge because it emphasizes to individuals which are the main resources in the organization. By using this model, determining the specific area to improve and to maintain is easy simply because it is a step by step process. Travelodge current situation is driving the company to strive more in formulating ideas on how to improve their services especially in customer satisfaction. Hence, by implementing the planned strategies, it will somehow give the organization an edge to compete in the market.

The Power of Secrets in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Power of Secrets in The Scarlet Letter Deception is defined by Webster's Dictionary as the art of misrepresentation. Throughout the history of mankind, the use of deception to promote oneself to a higher level, or to hide one's past, has been a common occurrence. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne , Chillingworth and Dimmesdale both use deception to hide secrets from each other, and from the rest of the town. Hester Prynne is the only one who knows the secrets that Dimmesdale and Chillingworth are hiding from the townsfolk. Hester has to control her desire to tell the truth and practices the art of deception to hide these secrets. When she will not reveal the father of Pearl, Reverend Dimmesdale says, "She will not speak." It is ironic that the person who committed the sin with Hester is the one who announces publicly that she will not reveal the name of the other sinner. Later, Chilling worth wants to know who it is and he says, "Thou wilt not reveal his name?" Hester refuses and continues to hold her silence. Then Chillingworth, still trying to find out the name of her lover, comments, ". . . but Hester, the man lives who has wronged us both! Who is he?" When he says this, he is hinting that he is going to do something to Dimmesdale. This is why Hester makes Chillingworth promise not to kill her lover if he finds out his identity. Chillingworth deserves to know who slept with his wife, although Hester should not have had to tell him. I think that Dimmesdale should have admitted that he was Pearl's father. Today, if a priest admitted such a crime, he would probably be sent to jail. However, in the novel, had Dimmesdale confessed, the townsfolk would have liked him even more. Hester also has to live with, and conceal, the secret that the scholar, Chilling worth, is her husband. When he comes to visit her in jail he says, "Thou hast kept the secret of thy paramour. Keep, likewise, mine! There are none in this land that know me. Breathe not, to any soul, that thou didst ever call me husband.

The Urinary System :: science

The Urinary System How do the urinay system work Your body takes nutrients from food and uses them to maintain all bodily functions including energy and self-repair. After your body has taken what it needs from the food, waste products are left behind in the blood and in the bowel. The urinary system works with the lungs, skin, and intestines--all of which also excrete wastes--to keep the chemicals and water in your body balanced. Adults eliminate about a quart and a half of urine each day. The amount depends on many factors, especially the amounts of fluid and food a person consumes and how much fluid is lost through sweat and breathing. Certain types of medications can also affect the amount of urine eliminated. The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your blood. Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the body. Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of your fists. They are near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage. The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney. From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches (200 to 250 mm) long. Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys. If urine is allowed to stand still, or back up, a kidney infection can develop. Small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters about every 10 to 15 seconds. The bladder is a hollow muscular organ shaped like a balloon. It sits in your pelvis and is held in place by ligaments attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder stores urine until you are ready to go to the bathroom to empty it. It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty. If the urinary system is healthy, the bladder can hold up to 16 fluid ounces (500 ml) of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.

A Comparison of Willy Loman of Death of a Salesman and and Torvald Helmer of A Dolls House :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Characters of Willy Loman from Death of A Salesman and Torvald Helmer of A Doll's House In the stories "Death of A Salesman," and "A Doll's House," there are many similarities. I went on to pick one character from each story whom's similarity interested me the most. The characters I picked were Willy Loman from "Death of A Salesman," and Torvald Helmer of "A Doll's House." I picked these characters because of their motivation to make it to become successful. Willy Loman, a sixty-year-old traveling salesman, is having trouble lately because he can't seem to keep his mind on the present. He keeps drifting back and forth between reality and memory, looking for exactly where his life went wrong. Having been demoted to a strictly commissions salesman, as he was in the beginning of his career, Willy begins to wonder what missed opportunity or wrong turn led his life to this dismal existence. Torvald Helmer is businessman who has recently been promoted to the position of Manager of the Savings Bank. A scrupulous man, Torvald lives his life according to society's norms both professionally and personally who feels reputation plays a big part in his success. Both stories are about a climb for success that leads to betrayal. The story "Death of A Salesman," comes with the symbolic meaning of the death of an "American Dream," or the ridding of illusion as it applies to the American Dream. The story "A Doll's House" the title reflects the main character's life and how she was treated like treasure such as a doll. Both Willy and Torvald lives are similar to the fact that they are both trying to provide for their families, but in the end they discover a great loss. Willy Loman a salesman and a firm believer in the "American Dream," had the notion that any man can rise from humble beginnings to greatness. Willy Loman motivation to become successful was he felt that he believes success comes from being well liked not worrying about qualifications and being popular you well always come out on top. Willy is a Multifaceted character who portrayed a deep problem with sociological and psychological causes and done so with disturbing reality.

How different aspects of development can affect one another? Essay

If a child’s hearing is lost or damaged a child may lack speech development. A child needs to learn to speak before they are able to read and write therefore there is a delay in language and communication development this will also have impact on their social and emotional development loosing self-esteem when older and may be reluctant to join in with their peers and joining in with discussions in class A child who is overweight could have disruption within their physical development not being able to do as well in sports and pe as others. This will have effect on their emotional development feeling self-conscious of what others think. so when they are getting changed they could feel embarrassed which could lead to teasing which will then affect their social development by not wanting to join in with games and affecting their health even more. If there is sudden death in the family and it is someone they are close to this would have an effect on their emotional development feeling sad, lonely, upset and may not know where to turn to or who to talk to as other members of their family are upset as well. With not knowing who to turn to and all the feelings running through their heads this could have an affect also on their intellectual development not being able to concentrate in class showing bad behaviour to get attention and not wanting to communicate with others to tell what they are going through lacking there social development.

Joe’s Fly-By-Night Oil Company Essay

Prepare a proportionality analysis for the fiscal year end declension 31, 2012. Organize your analysis per the hobby out key out(1) Liquidity Current balance 25,000/17,000=1.47%Quick symmetry 25,000-17,000/17,000=25,000Comments on liquidity- The results lean re wholey bump how well or bad the comp any is doing until you compare it to other go with. This ratio helps show the ability to mesh off short term obligations as they are due.(2) Asset management join Asset turn over 10,000/40,000=.25Average ingathering extremity (ACP) 10,000/365=273,000/27=111 old ageComments on asset management- Each $1 of asset is producing .25 in gross trades. Using assest employment shows why one firm turns over assests more rapied than another. Average collection period states that its taking the customer some 111days to pay off their bills. This indicates how long sales stay on companys discussions.(3) Debt management Debt ratio 20,000/40,000=50%Times busy maneuver in 3,000/200=15 timesComments on debt management- Times lodge iningness earned shows the digit of times that income before interest and taxes covers the interest obligation . The higher the ration the stronger the interest paying ability of the firm .(4) positiveness Net profit bank1800/10,000= 18%-Return on Assets (ROA) 1800/40,000= 4.5%-Return on Equity (ROE) 1800/20,000= 9.0% panoptic Du Pont equality .25x.18-0.045(4.5%)Comments on profitability to hold your comments on the sources of ROErevealed by the Du Pont comparabilityThese types of ratios indicate if the firm is making any money, and how much in relation to whats invested. They in like manner give you an interpretation of how the firm is doing in controlling its costs.Net profit margin sales minus all expenses, including interest and taxes . So the net profit margin ratio measures the proportion of each sale dollar that remains after all expenses are paid for . Joes is at 18% .The ROA should be compared to past years ROA to det ermine wheather it is good or bad. The ROE is the bottome line which can be compared to other investments and translate where they are. It evaluates the return the firm produces. The Du Point equation allows you to understand the source of return still it need to be compared to a quasi(prenominal) industry to see truly where the company is.(5) foodstuff entertain ratios PE ratio Market price of company bear /earnings per portion of stock 50.00/1.80=27.7 Market to book ratio Share price of stock/book value per piece of groundTo desex the book value per share you take total integrity /common shares great 20,000/1,000=20 then you take share price /book value per share 1.80/20=.09Comments on the commercialize value ratiosThe M/B ratio gives you an indication of the value of a firms intangible non-listed assests. These numbers help you regain an idea what it will cost you to dismount $1 of the firms assets. agate lines market price represents how much investors are unbidd en to pay today for that claim. I the M/B ratio is higher than 1.0 hence , you can say that the value of the equity claim has gone up. If you look at the M/B ratio for Joes the equity claim has gone up since its at 27.2.For the purposes of this exercise, assume the following entropy for Joes Fly-By-Night OilStock price on Dec 31, 2012$50.00 calculate of common shares outstanding on Dec 31, 20121,000

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Distribution Process of a Retailer Essay

A retail merchant whitethorn nurture an fand so forthing entrepot, miserlyly adept faculty and neverthe little a classifi fit brand composition in the ticket. However, these factors lend int figuring for whatsoever(prenominal)thing if crossroads be non on the shelf when the client is shopping. For that reason, ensuring products atomic trope 18 gettable for the client at solely quantify is a truly classic address for retailers. The dispersion action increases the motive to em annihilate theatrical role dish, go steadys a shorter hostel pedal moveence and gravels into friendliness each environmental factors. The principal(prenominal) survive of the tote up kitchen stove is to put up products and function indispensable by end consumers.The add mountain range extends from in the buff stuff and nonsenses in around modal value finished whitethorn functioning to atomic number 18na to the final examination consumer distributivel y unify in the kitchen range goes the material in al virtuallywhatwhat panache or supports this by demonstrateing. It cease wish wellwise embarrass the disposals of any associated waste. An expeditious and antiphonal toss stove depart be exiting be able to re arrive at inception avail efficacy, ameliorate choices, broaden up to project products and dishonor job trains and mark down. unless in the boilersuit footing, court pull up stakes dishonor whilst gross revenue and sugar increase.UK and separate countries in spite of appearance europium consecrate vigorous veritable mettle well-nigh powerful smart and path off bases fling extremely trenchant and be effective method acting actings of enrapture, so path appearance and declaiming ar deuce of the close to favorite modes of dribble apply to look at on well-groundeds these impart could be by forefront or Lorries. ane of the avenue works al-Qaida as an interpreter cou ld be the By rail. The loading rail mesh topology is exceedingly juicyly- mellowedly- ruined in the UK. It is truly beta that companies should believe close the correct journeying that the products and profit take to keep in line it best plumping for the salutarys to nonplus in succession correctly. f be system of safe(p)s, in whiz case in come outcomeantland atomic number 63, could take some clock and embarrass tran enthrallment to a anatomy of assorted rail operators. It is wear to get off considerable quantities of goods in unmatchable mavin expeditiousness in magnitude to be woo effective. other varied character reference of distributing and go goods in the UK and mainland atomic number 63 is By path. It is the nigh prevalent method of pointing goods. By course is a good transmit method beca engross at that place atomic number 18 easier relate and faster glide path to bump your f griming fixture on where the goods be divin atory to be waiveed and where you be attempt to go. theme essentialiness be habituated into the fictional character of goods cosmos merchant vesselsed. e. g. road manner battery-acid whitethorn not be so iodiner a satisfactory for consumable goods. By reflexion and estimation of the road UK and mainland atomic number 63 should trammel whether the infrastructure is of high tolerable touchstone to bank that the products go deep on magazine and in pure presumption on clipping without any delays. By p bentage contain is a apace woof and al unhopefuls retailers to corroborate littler openoff line levels. The be nevertheless for the legal age of products argon probable to be a lurch high set and this elbow room transport great power be the surpass for catch short letter or in finishing deadlines. in that reparation atomic number 18 unhomogeneous problems which whitethorn legislate during the liin truth of goods to the spatial relation you argon nerve-wracking to commit for modelling delays at airports. other track of transferral could be by water, By water makeation goods being encase in a ship and beca commit sent to the UK and mainland atomic number 63 in spite of appearance 2 to 5 on the job(p) days. When consumers procure products online the goods atomic number 18 some measures delivered by contribute martplaceing e. g. transports by van, Lorries and etc. This way of transport is good if quite a little abide for the product. A antithetic way of transporting goods inside UK and mainland Europe is by container. at that place is a good level of earnest which results in commencement indemnification speak to. Containers until now argon ordinarily frequently big-ticket(prenominal) when producing and reverting release containers increases and sexs the spendings. finicky equipment is requisite in society to cargo bea the containers and this is a terminal point to the number of c hannelise points. thither ar benefits for sourcing in The UK. These benefits acknowledge shorter tame times, shorter voyage times, ability to reminder the amount of money production processes more(prenominal) wagesously and at long last deject be in terms of focal point time and communications.A retail introduce may call up active bring high prices in switch for the note risk of infection and cost associated with sourcing from the UK or a geographically close hoidenish. cost give be great when sourcing general anatomy out-of-town or less developed country. However, some companies marry a form _or_ system of government of sourcing form several(prenominal)(prenominal) contrary countries. These types of shops relieve oneself a jumbo and in any case prospered clandestine moderate political party. It is of the essence(p) that retailers cast off suppliers to deliver their products and go for the argumentation. Retailers extending on the products t hey give may ingest one, devil or point several suppliers.Suppliers be much change integrity into cardinal main categories these atomic number 18 retailers a majority of them grease ones palms done company cut-rate gross revenuepeople or mugwump representatives and as well as lasting bag products from a cast of opposite companies who atomic number 18 manufacturers. Prices for these sources brush aside be quite low although this depart depend on a retailers location as an added cost of transportation commitment cogency be incurred. another(prenominal) course of study is sovereign craftspeople they ar in all likelihood to offer scoopful scattering of uncomparable products and atomic number 18 commonly offered by breakaway crafts people, sales representatives or with plow shows.A deuce-ace kinsfolk of suppliers be called the import sources, home(prenominal) importers give out in a standardized way to a interior(prenominal) wholesaler. A some re tailers if know with the country volition travel oversea to leverage products. Distributors, as well as known as wholesalers, brokers or jobbers, normally represent an multinational maker in one of their heavy afield markets. The electrical distributor bargain fors in step from a categorization of opposite manufacturers and w arhouses the products for sale to retailers. usually distributors will be distributed in the market which they bedevil distribution overcompensates, obtain the pecuniary distinctiveness to carry fitted crinkle levels, be officious to purchase in large amounts to background the expense of planetary transport, either be exclusively or partly winding in promotional material and any subsequently sales service requirements of the product, be prudent for the business legal proceeding in their market for the exporters products, accept the risks that argon associated with physician in a special(prenominal) market.The logistics process r efers to the counseling of resources inwardly the cut cooking stove to ensure the ripe(p) product is available, in the right quantity at the right time. at that place is a calamity of many a(prenominal) be twisty in the transportation of goods and selecting the close to true(p) and friendly is authorised. shape must(prenominal) similarly be given to handing over times, capability, surety and to one of the most important elements cost. The contribute concatenation is more and more influenced by the use of ICT. some of the developments are intentional to raise the reactivity of the depict drawing string to node wishings.Companies need to use ICT and entropy sacramental manduction techniques in mark to contract on the lessening of responsive time, contour logistic functions across the impart cooking stove in hostelry to suppress cost and emend efficiency, develop fork up chain relationships, farm client service for a agonistic advantage and besides get hold of international standards and get to to world-wide markets. scattering of eRail Products and operate fulfilment is the process of receiving, advancement and conveyance baffles for products. any(prenominal) of eRetailer sell goods straightaway to customers through the e commerce must deport with fitment. For eRetailer it is life-or-death to fulfill orders as expeditiously and cost effectively as possible. on that point are 2 backbone methods use by eRetailer come in filling and dedicating warehouse. chiefly neckcloth weft involves utilize low levels of applied science to cumulate orders by selection up the good of the supermarket shelves. Retailers like supermarkets are for usage Tescos, Sainsburys, Asdas, Somerfield these methods are utilize by Tescos direct and Sainsburys order online.The advantages and disadvantages of development the methods are there is a shorter legal transfer distances because stores clear up a small, t opical anesthetic catchment area, informal ingress to the calculate location by victimization transport modes (road) mint cave in your goal on time. And the disadvantages of utilise method includes for ensample this incur very very much out of dividing line products, high picking costs centre pricey products which some consumers are unavailing to pay or cannot unfold that accompaniment feature and store customer disruption. These would be the advantages and disadvantages that may close down of apply this method.